However, there has been limited study of a third member, 4-hydroxyhexenal (HHE), a diffusible lipid peroxidation product of the ω-3 polyunstataturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Multiple studies have demonstrated elevations of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes including, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein, in vulnerable regions of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (PCAD), and late-stage Alzheimer’s disease (LAD) brain.
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